Since Muammar Gaddafi was removed from power in 2011, Libya's media landscape has been unstable and fragmented.
Political and media polarization as well as enduring rivalry between important players were brought about by the existence of competing governments in the west and east between 2014 and 2021.
Parallel "state media" operated by the two administrations are merging as part of a new effort to achieve reconciliation under a single interim government.
Editorial positions change in response to the political and military environment.
Disinformation has grown because of the conflicting narratives on TV and social media. The messaging in the media is also influenced by foreign actors whose interventions in Libya have grown.
The media landscape is diverse, with many outlets and a range of platforms. A popular news source is satellite TV. Important news sources include the social media pages of stations. A few well-known publications have locations outside of Libya.
Threats and assaults are leveled at local and international journalists. Internet usage is steadily increasing despite infrastructure limitations.
Facebook continues to be the social media site of choice and is used for official announcements, political discourse, and public mobilization. According to Worldinternetstats.com, 6.6 million people, or 94% of the population, used the internet in December 2021.
- Weekly with a Tripoli base called Al-Shuruq.
- Weekly with a Cairo base, Al-Wasat.
- Benghazi weekly Brnieq.
- English and Arabic publications are made by The Libyan Address.
- Private satellite station 218 TV with a Jordanian base. 218 News is also run.
- Currently based in Turkey is the private satellite channel Libya al-Ahrar TV.
- Al-Salam TV is a private satellite station with a Turkish headquarters.
- Private, connected to Gen. Haftar's family, Libya al-Hadath.
- Government of National Unity (GNU) representatives Al-Rasmeya and Al-Wataniya are based in Tripoli.
- Private, satellite-based, Cairo-based Al-Wasat.
- Private, satellite-based Libya's Channel is based in Amman.
- State-run Wataniya with headquarters in Tripoli.
- Tripoli FM is a private station.
- Private Lebda FM station, Tripoli.
- Private firm based in Benghazi called Libyana Hits.
- Private, Egyptian-based Al-Wasat broadcasts on FM in cities throughout Libya.
- The parallel east and west "state" news organizations, both going by the names of the Libyan Arab News Agency (Lana) or Wakalat al-Anba al-Libiyah (WAL), announced in 2021 that they would merge.
- Islamist-affiliated Arraed News Network is based in Tripoli.
- Ean Libya is a news site based in London.
- Tunis-based, European-backed Libyan Cloud News Agency.
- Al-Wasat is a news outlet based in Cairo.
- News website based in Rome: Fassato News Agency.
- English-language news source: Libya Herald.
- Afrigate News is a news source.
- Blog aggregator: All Libyan Blogs.
